Medal and award sites
American Library Association
Caldecott Medal site of the American Library Association honoring artist of the most distinguished American picture book for children
Newbery Medal site of the American Library Association honoring the author of the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children
Batchelder Award site of the American Library Association is given to an American publisher for a children's book translated into English
Pura Belpré Award site of the American Library Association honoring a Latino/Latina writer and illustrator
Carnegie Medal site of the American Library Association for most outstanding video production
Geisel Award of the American Library Association for beginning reader book
Sibert Informational Medal Book site of the American Library Association honoring best information books.
Coretta Scott King Book Awards of the American Library Association
Schneider Family Book Award of the American Library Association honosr an author or illustrator for a book that embodies an artistic expression of the disability experience for child and adolescent audiences.
Printz Award for Excellence in Young Adult Literature
Margaret Edwards Award of the American Library Association
Alex Award for books with special appeal to readers age 12 to 18 by the American Library Association
Best Books for Young Adults list of the American Library Association
Illinois Children's and Adolescent Literature Awards
Rebecca Caudill Young Reader Award "is an Illinois award for outstanding literature for young people and is sponsored by the Illinois Reading Council, the Illinois School Library Media Association, and the Illinois Association of Teachers of English.
Monarch Award for Illinois K-3: Reader's Choice Award administered by the Illinois School Library Media Association.Finalists are chosen by school librarians and then voted on by children in grades K-3.
Bluestem Award: Illinois' Grades 3-5 Readers' Choice Award administered by the Illinois School Library Media Association. Finalists are chosen by school librarians and then voted on by students in grades 3-5.
Abraham Lincoln Award is "awarded annually to the author of the book voted as most outstanding by participating students in grades nine through twelve in Illinois. Theaward is sponsored by the Illinois School Library Media Association (ISLMA)."
Award sites for children's book awards in each state
Selected additional awards for children's books published in the United States
Boston Globe-Horn Book awards "Winners are selected in three categories: Picture Book, Fiction and Poetry, 
Illinois author Candace Fleming received the 2010 Horn Book award for non-fictionand Nonfiction"
Charlotte Zolotow Award is "given annually to the author of the best picture book text published in the United States." Administered by the Cooperative Children's Book Center, a children's literature library of the School of Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Irma Simonton Black and James H. Black Award for Excellence in Children's Literature "goes to an outstanding book for young children--a book in which text and illustrations are inseparable, each enhancing and enlarging on the other to produce a singular whole." This award is adminstered by the Bank Street College. Books are chosen by adult and the final selection is made by children.
NCTE Award for Excellence in Poetry for Children The NCTE has numerous awards.
Tomas Rivera Mexican American Children's Book Award to honor authors and illustrators who create literature that depicts the Mexican American experience. Administered by Texas State University College of Education.
Selected international children's literature awards
Astrid Lingrid Memorial Awards "award is presented to authors, illustrators, oral storytellers and those active in reading promotion work. The award may be presented to a single recipient or to several, regardless of language or nationality. The Award is administered by the Swedish Arts Council."
Hans Christian Andersen Medal of the International Board on Books for Young People to a living author and illustrator whose complete works have made a lasting contribution to children's literature.
Phoenix Award by the Children's Literature Association recognizing a book that meets high critical standards in children's literature that was published several years previously and deserves recognition.
Carnegie Award is awarded in the UK annually to the writer of an outstanding book for children by CILIP: the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals.
Kate Greenaway Medal to the artist of the UK's most distinguished picture book for children by CILIP: the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals.
Roald Dahl Funny Prize. The prize has two categories: the funniest book for children aged six and under and The funniest book for children aged seven to fourteen. From the UK's Booktrust
More medals for children's books here